The Irish Globalization Game: Strategegies and Impact

This thesis discusses Ireland’s rapid economic growth in the 1990s, in order to place in in the context of contemporary globalization debate. A great deal of the growth has been cited to stem from the state’s encouragement of globalization, in terms of increasing exposure to global markets. I investigate the interactions between the state and market, in order to determine of the economic growth was a direct result of a hands-off policy, or if the state intervened with active policies. I found that there are four prominent areas where the state intervened to spur on growth; macroeconomic policies, industrial policy, EU-membership and the shaping of the social partnership agreements. I also compare the two most cited models said to characterize Ireland in the 1990s, the developmental state where in the state acts as a midwife to the industry, and the competition state model where market pressures restrains state power and results in social inequality. My findings are that Ireland shows characteristics of both models

Inhemska perenner

Som oinsatt i den svenska floran och med en begränsad kunskap om inhemska arter kan det vara svårt att förstå deras roll i ett anlagt sammanhang. Hur inhemska arters status i naturen ser ut och hur vår påverkan på naturmiljöer hotar dessa arters överlevnad är ett problem. Många av dagens planteringar i stadsmiljö, trädgårdar och parker innehåller en majoritet av främmande (syn. exotiska) arter som har ett stort prydnadsvärde och anpassningsförmåga. Inhemska arter används inte lika ofta och inte i samma utsträckning. Vad är då en inhemsk art? Detta arbete har utgått ifrån samma definition som SLU Artdatabanken använder i sitt arbete. En inhemsk art är en art som är vildväxande i svensk natur och har varit det innan år 1800. Detta arbete har sammanställt inhemska fleråriga örtartade växter som finns i utbudet hos ’traditionella’ plantskolor. Till hjälp användes en lista från SvePlant som visar sortimentet av perenner hos Djupedals Plantskola, Engströms Handelsträdgård, Lackalänga Trädgård, Säve Plantskola, Wändels Kvalitetsperenner, Splendor Plant och Hallsbergs Plantskola år 2020. Det resulterade i 118 olika arter varav 17 av dem även förekom på rödlistan. Att använda sig utav naturen som inspirationskälla är inget nytt. Mårten Hammer (1989), James Hitchmough (2011) och Nigel Dunnett (2019) diskuterar alla användningen av inhemskt och främmande växtmaterial men med lite olika ingångar. Hammer beskriver de ekologiska principerna som behövs ta hänsyn till när man ska anlägga en plantering med ett naturlikt uttryck. Hitchmough lyfter rollen som främmande (exotiska) växter har i en anlagd miljö, både kulturellt och praktiskt. Dunnett lyfter båda dessa aspekter och nämner tre olika begrepp inom den naturalistiska stilen. Impressionistisk naturalism som är mer konstnärlig och fokuserar på det estetiska. Inom teknisk naturalism är fokus på ekologi och biologi det viktigaste och modernistisk naturalism är en blandning av de båda med hållbarhet och estetik i fokus samtidigt. Det viktigaste att komma ihåg vid användning av inhemska arter är att välja material med rätt proveniens. Det vill säga att härkomsten på plantan som man använder sig av är av så lokalt material som möjligt. Annars kan det finnas risk att det sker en så kallad genetisk förorening. De inhemska vilda populationerna blandas då upp med individer från en annan proveniens och försämrar artens genetik

A shotgun metagenomic investigation of the microbiota of udder cleft dermatitis in comparison to healthy skin in dairy cows

Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a skin condition affecting the fore udder attachment of dairy cows. UCD may be defined as mild (eczematous skin changes) or severe (open wounds, large skin changes). Our aims were to compare the microbiota of mild and severe UCD lesions with the microbiota of healthy skin from the fore udder attachment of control cows, and to investigate whether mastitis-causing pathogens are present in UCD lesions. Samples were obtained from cows in six dairy herds. In total, 36 UCD samples categorized as mild (n = 17) or severe (n = 19) and 13 control samples were sequenced using a shotgun metagenomic approach and the reads were taxonomically classified based on their k-mer content. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the abundance of different taxa between different sample types, as well as to compare the bacterial diversity between samples. A high proportion of bacteria was seen in all samples. Control samples had a higher proportion of archaeal reads, whereas most samples had low proportions of fungi, protozoa and viruses. The bacterial microbiota differed between controls and mild and severe UCD samples in both composition and diversity. Subgroups of UCD samples were visible, characterized by increased proportion of one or a few bacterial genera or species, e.g. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium luteolum, Trueperella pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Bifidobacterium spp. were more common in controls compared to UCD samples. The bacterial diversity was higher in controls compared to UCD samples. Bacteria commonly associated with mastitis were uncommon. In conclusion, a dysbiosis of the microbiota of mild and severe UCD samples was seen, characterized by decreased diversity and an increased proportion of certain bacteria. There was no evidence of a specific pathogen causing UCD or that UCD lesions are important reservoirs for mastitis-causing bacteria

The Cell Wall Polymer Lipoteichoic Acid Becomes Nonessential in Staphylococcus aureus Cells Lacking the ClpX Chaperone

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria and a promising target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobial compounds against Staphylococcus aureus. Here we demonstrate that mutations in the conditionally essential ltaS (LTA synthase) gene arise spontaneously in an S. aureus mutant lacking the ClpX chaperone. A wide variety of ltaS mutations were selected, and among these, a substantial portion resulted in premature stop codons and other changes predicted to abolish LtaS synthesis. Consistent with this assumption, the clpX ltaS double mutants did not produce LTA, and genetic analyses confirmed that LTA becomes nonessential in the absence of the ClpX chaperone. In fact, inactivation of ltaS alleviated the severe growth defect conferred by the clpX deletion. Microscopic analyses showed that the absence of ClpX partly alleviates the septum placement defects of an LTA-depleted strain, while other phenotypes typical of LTA-negative S. aureus mutants, including increased cell size and decreased autolytic activity, are retained. In conclusion, our results indicate that LTA has an essential role in septum placement that can be bypassed by inactivating the ClpX chaperone. IMPORTANCE Lipoteichoic acid is an essential component of the Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope and an attractive target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobials directed against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, we showed that the lipoteichoic acid polymer is essential for growth of S. aureus only as long as the ClpX chaperone is present in the cell. Our results indicate that lipoteichoic acid and ClpX play opposite roles in a pathway that controls two key cell division processes in S. aureus, namely, septum formation and autolytic activity. The discovery of a novel functional connection in the genetic network that controls cell division in S. aureus may expand the repertoire of possible strategies to identify compounds or compound combinations that kill antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.Peer reviewe

The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0281.1The inner shelf, the transition zone between the surfzone and the midshelf, is a dynamically complex region with the evolution of circulation and stratification driven by multiple physical processes. Cross-shelf exchange through the inner shelf has important implications for coastal water quality, ecological connectivity, and lateral movement of sediment and heat. The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment (ISDE) was an intensive, coordinated, multi-institution field experiment from September–October 2017, conducted from the midshelf, through the inner shelf, and into the surfzone near Point Sal, California. Satellite, airborne, shore- and ship-based remote sensing, in-water moorings and ship-based sampling, and numerical ocean circulation models forced by winds, waves, and tides were used to investigate the dynamics governing the circulation and transport in the inner shelf and the role of coastline variability on regional circulation dynamics. Here, the following physical processes are highlighted: internal wave dynamics from the midshelf to the inner shelf; flow separation and eddy shedding off Point Sal; offshore ejection of surfzone waters from rip currents; and wind-driven subtidal circulation dynamics. The extensive dataset from ISDE allows for unprecedented investigations into the role of physical processes in creating spatial heterogeneity, and nonlinear interactions between various inner-shelf physical processes. Overall, the highly spatially and temporally resolved oceanographic measurements and numerical simulations of ISDE provide a central framework for studies exploring this complex and fascinating region of the ocean.U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR)ONR Departmental Research Initiative (DRI)Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment (ISDE

Blott en dag ett ögonblick i sänder : En komparativ analys av det kristna eskatologiska hoppets bildspråk i sex begravningspsalmer

I denna kandidatuppsats gör jag en närläsning av några utvalda psalmer ur Den svenskapsalmboken och Psalmer i 2000-talet. I min närläsning vill jag se hur bildspråket i psalmernaförmedlar det kristna eskatologiska hoppet om bildspråket och symbolerna har förändrats ochi så fall på vilket sätt? Textanalysen utgår från forskningsfrågorna: Vilka bilder och symbolermålar upp det kristna eskatologiska hoppet i psalmerna 190, 249, 297, 904, 905 och 906?Har beskrivningarna av det kristna eskatologiska hoppet förändrats och i så fall på vilketsätt? Tolkningsramar till min närläsning och till analysen kommer från Jürgen Moltmann, entysk teolog som skrivit den omtalade teorin om hoppet. Som teologisk samtalspartner har jag valt Antje Jackelén , Sveriges Ärkebiskop mellan 2014 till 2022. Närläsningen av de utvalda psalmerna har resulterat i följande slutsatser. Jag fann trettioenord i sex psalmer som på något sätt förmedlade det kristna eskatologiska hoppet. Vissa ordvar återkommande i psalmerna men det fanns även symbolord som var enstaka. En avpsalmerna utmärkte sig i att det inte fanns symbolord som tillhör det “kristna” språket utanegentligen var vilka symbolord som helst. Bildspråket om det kristna eskatologiska hoppethar i fem av sex fall fortfarande ett traditionellt kristet symbolspråk för att beskriva detkristna eskatologiska hoppet